|
The Uddin and Begum Urdu-Hindustani Romanization scheme is an international standard for romanising Urdu/Hindustani (i.e., for transliterating Urdu/Hindustani into the Latin alphabet). Syed Fasih Uddin and Quader Unissa Begum presented the scheme in 1992, at the First International Urdu Conference in Chicago. Uddin and Begum based their scheme on the work that John Borthwick Gilchrist and others began at Fort William College in Calcutta more than a century prior. Gilchrist's romanisation system became the de facto standard for romanised Hindustani during the late 19th century. Uddin and Begum attempted to improve on, and modernize, Gilchrist's system in a number of ways. For example, in the Uddin and Begum scheme, Urdu and Hindi characters correspond one-to-one. Also, diacritics indicate vowel phonics, whereas in the Gilchrist system the reader must infer vowel pronunciation from context. To facilitate Urdu-Hindustani romanisation in a much wider range of computer software, Uddin and Begum limited their character set to the common ASCII standard. ==Romanization scheme== ''Notes:'' * ^ is the hard sound. (representing with the caret) *_h _H is the guttural sound.(representing with the Under Score) *’ is the long vowel sound. (representing with the Apostrophe) *(n) (N) is the nasal sound of Nu'n, when if follows a long vowel and 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Uddin and Begum Urdu-Hindustani Romanization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|